Telephone / Switchboard

Telephone is an electrical voice exchange device that enables information exchange between people and systems in distant locations. The main principle in telephone's operation is the sound waves coming out f the mouth being turned into electrical signals first, and then being transmitted away by various sending methods, and then transforming the electrical signals back to sound waves that can be heard by ear. Telephone networks were first installed in urban areas and then transformed into inter-city, international installments and entire world was connected in communication via satellites.

When Alexander Graham Bell invented the telephone in 1876, a new era was opened in human communication. Before Bell's invention, the fastest way to convey a message was to transmit it through telegraph lines via Morse alphabet. But in telegraph use, there was no possibility of transmitting human voice over wires. Before telegraph, which was viewed as a new method for its time, emergency messages had to be transmitted using horse messengers, smoke signs, pigeons and ships. In 1870s, many people were working to advance the telegraph. But Bell managed to achieve this all by himself. Bell had dedicated all his life for the education of the deaf. And he was also trying to advance telegraph and make money out of it. During his experiments, he heard the sound vibrations reflected from the wire he drew from one room to the other. Even if other inventors had heard this faint sound, it was evident that they could not grasp the big difference. Bell, armed with his profound knowledge regarding human ear amplifying vibrations, realized that it was possible to transmit human voice through wire. Thus, telephone was born. In ten years, it was spread in America, and then in the whole world.

Watson, can you come here? I need your help. These words were the ones in the first telephone communication. And the transmission was made in 10th of March in 1876 not by Sherlock Holmes, but by Alexander Graham Bell, the inventor of telephone. Since Bell, many changes have happened in the world of telephone. Though the telephones were used as even as telephones, even for a short time, today there is a phone in almost each house today. Not only that, there are one mobile phone in each home, actually one per person, and many people conduct their telephone calls over such digital networks. Even though Europe is the center of big advancements, you would be mistaken if you think Germany is a mobile communication country. Because the real giant of mobile communication is the Finnish. Over 60 percent of the population in Finland uses mobile phones. Germany is 14th, behind Portugal and Greece. In Turkey, mobile phone is a part of daily life and the user number of networks increase day by day. Thinkers also defend, slowly but surely, that being continuously reachable does not have only disadvantages anymore. Mobile phone operators have two-digit growth rates every day and mobile phone is becoming a tool almost more useful than normal telephones.